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[AipuWaton] Fahimtar Waya Takwas a cikin igiyoyin Ethernet: Ayyuka da Mafi kyawun Ayyuka

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Haɗin igiyoyin hanyar sadarwa na iya zama da rikitarwa sau da yawa, musamman lokacin ƙoƙarin tantance wanne daga cikin wayoyi takwas na jan ƙarfe a cikin kebul na Ethernet suke da mahimmanci don tabbatar da watsa hanyar sadarwa ta al'ada. Don fayyace wannan, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci aikin waɗannan wayoyi gabaɗaya: an ƙirƙira su ne don rage tsangwama na lantarki (EMI) ta hanyar karkatar da nau'ikan wayoyi tare a takamaiman adadin. Wannan jujjuyawar tana ba da damar igiyoyin lantarki da aka samar yayin watsa siginar lantarki don soke juna, da kawar da tsangwama sosai. Kalmar "karkatattun nau'i-nau'i" yana kwatanta wannan ginin daidai.

Juyin Halitta na Twisted Pairs

An fara amfani da nau'i-nau'i masu murƙushe don watsa siginar tarho, amma tasirin su ya haifar da ɗaukar su a hankali a cikin watsa siginar dijital suma. A halin yanzu, nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka fi amfani da su sune Category 5e (Cat 5e) da nau'i na 6 (Cat 6) karkatattun nau'i-nau'i, duka biyun suna iya samun damar bandwidth har zuwa 1000 Mbps. Koyaya, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun igiyoyin igiyoyi guda biyu shine iyakar watsa su, wanda yawanci baya wuce mita 100.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa haddar odar T568A ba lallai ba ne saboda raguwar yaduwarsa. Idan ana buƙata, zaku iya cimma wannan ma'aunin ta hanyar musanya wayoyi 1 tare da 3 da 2 tare da 6 bisa tsarin T568B.

Kanfigareshan Waya don Aikace-aikace Daban-daban

Don daidaitattun aikace-aikace ta amfani da nau'i na nau'i na 5 da Category 5e, nau'i-nau'i masu juyayi, nau'i-nau'i hudu na wayoyi - don haka, jimillar wayoyi takwas - yawanci ana aiki. Don cibiyoyin sadarwar da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin 100 Mbps, tsarin da aka saba ya ƙunshi amfani da wayoyi 1, 2, 3, da 6. Ma'auni na yau da kullun, wanda aka sani da T568B, yana tsara waɗannan wayoyi a ƙarshen biyu kamar haka:

1 A
2B

Umarnin Waya T568B:

  • Pin 1: orange-fari
  • Mataki na 2: orange
  • Pin 3: kore-fari
  • Pin 4: blue
  • Pin 5: shudi-fari
  • Pin 6: kore
  • Pin 7: launin ruwan kasa-fari
  • Pin 8: ruwa

 

Umarnin Waya T568A:

Pin 1: kore-fari
Pin 2: kore
Pin 3: orange-fari
Pin 4: blue
Pin 5: shudi-fari
Pin 6: orange
Pin 7: launin ruwan kasa-fari

Pin 8: ruwa

A yawancin cibiyoyin sadarwar Ethernet mai sauri, huɗu ne kawai daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan guda takwas (1, 2, 3, da 6) suna cika matsayi wajen watsawa da karɓar bayanai. Ragowar wayoyi (4, 5, 7, da 8) bidirectional ne kuma gabaɗaya an tanada su don amfanin gaba. Koyaya, a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar da suka wuce 100 Mbps, daidaitaccen aiki ne don amfani da duk wayoyi takwas. A wannan yanayin, kamar tare da nau'i na 6 ko mafi girma igiyoyi, yin amfani da wani yanki na muryoyin kawai zai iya haifar da lalacewar kwanciyar hankali na cibiyar sadarwa.

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Bayanan fitarwa (+)
Bayanan fitarwa (-)
Bayanan shigarwa (+)
An tanada don amfani da tarho
An tanada don amfani da tarho
Bayanan shigarwa (-)
An tanada don amfani da tarho
An tanada don amfani da tarho

Manufar Kowace Waya

Don ƙarin fahimtar dalilin da yasa ake amfani da wayoyi 1, 2, 3, da 6, bari mu kalli takamaiman dalilai na kowane cibiya:

Muhimmancin Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwar Biyu da Garkuwa

Bayan cire kebul na Ethernet, zaku lura da karkatar da nau'ikan nau'ikan waya ya bambanta sosai. Ma'auratan da ke da alhakin watsa bayanai-yawanci nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i na orange da kore-ana karkatar da su sosai fiye da waɗanda aka ware don yin ƙasa da sauran ayyuka na gama gari, kamar nau'i-nau'i na launin ruwan kasa da shuɗi. Don haka, riko da ma'aunin waya na T568B yayin kera igiyoyin facin yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen aiki.

Rashin fahimta gama gari

Ba sabon abu ba ne a ji mutane suna cewa, "Na fi so in yi amfani da tsari na lokacin yin igiyoyi; wannan abin karɓa ne?" Duk da yake ana iya samun wasu sassauƙa don amfanin kai a gida, yana da kyau a bi ƙaƙƙarfan umarni na wayoyi a cikin ƙwararru ko yanayi mai mahimmanci. Komawa daga waɗannan ma'auni na iya lalata tasirin igiyoyin igiyoyi biyu masu karkata, haifar da gagarumin asarar watsa bayanai da rage nisan watsawa.

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Kammalawa

A taƙaice, idan kun yanke shawarar tsara wayoyi bisa zaɓi na sirri, tabbatar da sanya wayoyi 1 da 3 tare a cikin murɗaɗɗen guda ɗaya, da wayoyi 2 da 6 tare a cikin wani murɗaɗɗen biyu. Bi waɗannan jagororin zai tabbatar da cewa cibiyar sadarwar ku tana aiki da kyau da dogaro.

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